COLONOSCOPY

A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor (usually a gastroenterologist) to visually inspect the inner lining of your colon using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope. This scope has a camera and light at the end.

Why It’s Done

A colonoscopy is performed for diagnosis, screening, or surveillance of:

• Colorectal cancer (especially age 45+ or with family history)

• Polyps (which can be removed before they become cancerous)

• Unexplained GI symptoms, such as:

  • Rectal bleeding

  • Chronic diarrhea or constipation

  • Abdominal pain

  • Iron-deficiency anemia

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis)

• Follow-up after previous polyp or cancer diagnosis

Before the Procedure: Preparation (Bowel Prep)

You must empty your colon completely for a successful colonoscopy. This involves:

• Clear liquid diet the day before (no red/purple liquids)

• Laxative solution (e.g., polyethylene glycol or “GoLYTELY”) taken the night before and/or morning of

• May require holding medications like blood thinners (under doctor guidance)

During the Procedure

• Usually done under sedation (you’re asleep or very relaxed).

• The doctor inserts the colonoscope through the rectum and advances it through the entire colon.

• Air or carbon dioxide is used to inflate the colon for better visibility.

• Polyps, abnormal tissue, or biopsies may be removed during the exam.

How Long It Takes

• The procedure itself: 20–45 minutes

• Total time (including prep, recovery): 2–3 hours

After the Procedure

• You may feel bloated or gassy (air needs to exit).

• Someone must drive you home due to sedation.

• Normal activity can usually resume the next day.

Key Benefits

• Prevents colorectal cancer by detecting and removing precancerous polyps.

• Diagnoses symptoms and diseases early.

• Generally safe and well-tolerated.